7.2 IoT Oracle Integration

To automate the management of RWA assets, OmniPact must be able to trust data from physical sources. Instead of relying on unreliable manual input, we interact directly with the Internet of Things (IoT) device layer. We have built a trust architecture based on DID (Decentralized Identity) and Spatial Oracles.

7.2.1 Device Identity (DID) Binding

In the OmniPact network, a container sensor or a logistics truck is not just hardware; it is an Autonomous Economic Agent with a private key. We use the W3C DID standard and the ERC-725/1056 protocol to give devices on-chain identity.

1. Hardware Root of Trust

To prevent data forgery (such as hackers simulating sensors to send false GPS signals), devices must have hardware-level security.

• Key Generation: Device's private key pair The private key is generated inside the TPM (Trusted Platform Module) or HSM (Hardware Secure Module) security chip at the factory and never leaves the hardware.

• Registration: Device's public key Registered on OmniPact IoTRegistry It is bound to the contract by its physical serial number and owner.

1. Data Signing and Telemetry

When a device reports data (such as "current temperature -5°C"), it must digitally sign the data payload:

$$Payload = \{ \text{Data}, \text{Timestamp}, \text{Nonce} \}Signature = \text{Sign}(Sk_{dev}, \text{Keccak256}(Payload))$$

When a smart contract or oracle node receives data, it first verifies the signature:

$$\text{Verify}(Pk_{dev}, Payload, Signature) == \text{true}$$

This ensures that the data indeed originates from that specific physical device and has not been tampered with during transmission.

7.2.2 Geo-fencing Triggers Logic

In supply chain finance and logistics guarantee scenarios, the release of funds often depends on changes in spatial state (e.g., goods entering the port of Rotterdam). OmniPact implements a hybrid on-chain/off-chain geofencing logic based on ray casting.

1. Fence Definition

When creating a guarantee contract, the buyer and seller define a geographic polygon area $P$ (consisting of a series of latitude and longitude coordinates):

$$P = \{(x_1, y_1), (x_2, y_2), ..., (x_n, y_n)\}$$

2. Trigger Algorithm

When an IoT device reports its current coordinates $C(x, y)$, the system needs to determine whether $C$ is inside $P$.

• Simple scenario (radius detection):

  Calculate the Euclidean distance $d = \sqrt{(x - x_c)^2 + (y - y_c)^2}$. If $d \le R$, then trigger the operation.

  (Note: On-chain computation consumes approximately 5k Gas)

• Complex scenes (polygon detection):

  The Ray Casting Algorithm is used to determine the relationship between a point and a polygon.

  • From point Draw a ray in any direction.

  • Calculate the number of intersections between the ray and the polygon boundary. 。

  • Logic: If If the number is odd, the point lies inside the polygon; if The number is even, and the point is on the outside.

3. Execution Architecture

To save gas, complex ray calculations are typically performed off-chain in Chainlink Automation:

1. Monitor: The oracle node pulls the device signature coordinates every 10 minutes.

2. Compute: The node runs the Ray Casting algorithm off-chain.

3. Trigger: Once the result is True (Inside)The node sends to the OES contract triggerDelivery(escrowId) trade.

4. Verify:The contract verifies the oracle signature and the original device signature, and the state machine transitions.

Anti-Spoofing

• GPS Spoofing Prevention: Requires the device to simultaneously upload a list of nearby Wi-Fi MAC addresses or cell IDs, performing cross-verification via multi-source triangulation.

• Mobility Verification: Checks displacement speed within consecutive timestamps. If the device moves from New York to London within one second (abnormal speed), the contract will reject the data and trigger a risk control alert.

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OmniPact enables atomic-level synchronization between "logistics" in the physical world and "financial flow" in the blockchain world, providing a reliable technical path for the implementation of RWA.